美--美国MH-53直升机 GO!
27.11.08
category: gcgx.com
A photo of CH-53G of Germany Defence Force 德国CH-53G型图片：
HH-53 Assault Transport Helicopter is the variant of CH-53, developed in 1968, widely used in rescue mission during Vietnam war. It turned to use 2 General Electric T64-GE-7 turboshaft, 3,435 shp each. HH-53`s crew are two pilots and an engineer on board and it can load 38 troops. For self-defence in misson, HH-53 is equipped with 7.62mm Minigun and .50 inch machine guns. Check the two photos of HH-53E below.
1968年研制开发的HH-53突击运输直升机是CH-53的改型，越战中被广泛应用于突击救援任务。它改装了两台单台推力3435马力的T64-GE-7涡轴发动机。HH-53的机组成员为两名飞行员和一名随机工程师，机上可运载38名士兵。HH-53配备了用于自卫的7.62mm“迷你冈”加特林机枪和若干12.7mm机枪。下面两图是HH-53。
HH-53 gunner firing 7.62mm minigun and a pilot was now save to have a cigarette. HH-53的射手用7.62mm“迷你冈”扫射，一位脱险的飞行员现在能好好抽根烟了。
The MH-53E Sea Dragon is one of the variants of CH-53, used primarily for Airborne Mine Countermeasures (AMCM), with a secondary mission of shipboard delivery, deployed in 1983, replaced last of CH-53E in 1994. The MH-53E was derived from the CH-53E Super Stallion and is heavier and has a greater fuel capacity than its ancestor, as well as the engines turns into three General Electric T64-GE-416 turboshaft engines, 4,380 shaft horsepower each. The MH-53s can operate from carriers and other warships. Sea Dragon is capable of carrying up to 55 troops or a 16-ton payload 50 nautical miles or a 10-ton payload 500 nautical miles. The MH-53E is capable of towing a variety of mine-sweeping countermeasures systems, including the Mk 105 minesweeping sled, the ASQ-14 side-scan sonar, and the Mk 103 mechanical minesweeping system. Using helicopters in anti mine missions will reduce the risk of the troops .
MH-53E“海龙”是H-53系列中的一种改进型，主要用于空基反水雷任务(AMCM)，另外也用于运输任务。该机1983年服役，84年替换了最后一架CH-53E。MH-53E由CH-53E改进而来，机体重量增大，载油量也大大增加，改用三台通用电气公司的T64-GE-416涡轴发动机，单台推力4380马力。MH-53以航母、两栖攻击舰或其他战舰为基地执行运输任务，一次能够运送55名士兵或16吨有效载重飞行90公里，或运载10吨有效载重飞行900公里。执行扫雷任务时，MH-53可以拖带一个综合多功能扫雷系统，外形类似一条双体小船，携带有多种探雷设备和扫雷器械，包括MK105扫雷滑水撬、ASQ-14侧向扫描声纳、MK103机械扫雷系统。使用直升机执行反水雷任务可以减少扫雷人员可能遇到的危险。
The MH-53J Pave Low III is a modified version of the HH-53 Super Jolly Green Giant helicopter used extensively during the Vietnam War for special operations and rescue of combat personnel. During past space programs, the HH-53 was on duty at the launch site as the primary astronaut recovery vehicle. Under the Air Force's Pave Low IIIE program, nine MH-53H's and 32 HH-53s were modified for night and adverse weather operations and designated MH-53Js just like those in the following photos.
更先进的MH-53J“铺路III”(下图)由HH-53改进而来的。HH-53曾是越战中主要的特种作战运输直升机，在航天计划中也曾经用于将宇航员从返回舱中运送到舰艇上。美空军为提高特种作战战斗力执行了“铺路III”计划，9架MH-53H和32架HH-53被改进成了适合全天候作战的MH-53J。
The MH-53J is the most recent variant of CH-53s'. It's mission is to perform low-level, long-range, undetected penetration into denied areas, day or night, in adverse weather, for infiltration, exfiltration and resupply of special operations forces. MH-53J heavy-lift helicopter is the largest and most powerful helicopter in the Air Force inventory, and the most technologically advanced helicopter in the world. Power Plant of MH-53J are Two General Electric T64-GE-100 engines, 4,330 shaft horsepower each. Its terrain-following, terrain-avoidance radar and forward-looking infrared sensor (the expand part on the head), along with a projected map display, enable the crew to follow terrain contours and avoid obstacles, making low-level penetration possible. Their modifications included forward-looking infrared, inertial global positioning system, Doppler navigation systems, a terrain-following and terrain-avoidance radar, an on-board computer and integrated avionics to enable precise navigation to and from target areas.
MH-53J是H-53系列中的最新改型，用于执行低空远程全天候突击任务，主要为特种部队渗透作战提供机动和后勤保障。MH-53J是美军目前重量和功率最大的直升机，并被认为是目前世界上技术最先进的直升机之一。发动机改用两台通用电气T64-GE-100发动机，单台推力4330马力。为适应低空全天候渗透任务，MH-53J装备了地形跟踪回避雷达和前视红外夜视系统(机头鼓起处，不透明半球状为雷达，下部带有橙色镜头的是红外夜视转塔)，并装有任务地图显示系统。MH-53J除上述系统外，还装备了惯性全球定位系统、多普勒导航系统、任务计算机。借助这些设备，MH-53J能准确的自行导航和进入目标区域。
 For self-defending the helicopter is equipped with armor plating, and a combination of three 7.62mm miniguns or .50 caliber machine guns. It can transport 38 troops or 14 litters and has an external cargo hook with a 20,000-pound (9,000-kilogram) capacity. The MH-53J has twin turbo-shaft engines; self-lubricating, all-metal main and tail rotors; and a large horizontal stabilizer on the tail rotor pylon's right side. Two officers (pilots) and four enlisted (two flight engineers, two aerial gunners) form the crew team.
该机装备有必要的自卫武器，包括反坦克武器、7.62mm“迷你冈”加特林机枪或12.7mm机枪吊舱。MH-53J能一次运送38名士兵或14名躺卧伤病员，此外其外挂吊钩能挂9000千克货物。MH-53J采用两个涡轴发动机，主旋翼和尾桨均为全金属自润滑结构。其外观上与以往的H-53系列飞机不同之处是平尾位于右边，面积更大，呈上反海鸥翼型。机组成员为两名飞行员和两名机枪射手。
MH-53J's were used in a variety of missions during Desert Storm. Pave Lows were among the first aircraft into Iraq when they led Army AH-64 Apaches to destroy Iraqi early warning radars and opened a hole in enemy air defenses for the opening air armada. In addition to infiltration, exfiltration and resupply of special forces teams throughout Iraq and Kuwait, Pave Lows provided search and rescue coverage for coalition air forces in Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Turkey and the Persian Gulf. An MH-53J made the first successful combat recovery of a downed pilot in Desert Storm. Following the war, MH-53J's were deployed to Northern Iraq to support Operation Provide Comfort, assisting displaced Kurds. Pave Lows were also used extensively during Operation Just Cause in Panama and south Europe.
在海湾战争期间MH-53J执行了多种任务，而且是最早进入伊拉克领空的盟军作战机种之一：在“沙漠风暴”大空袭开始之前，MH-53J运送特种部队士兵和AH-64协同潜入伊拉克，一举摧毁了伊军早期预警雷达，在敌防空网中为盟军打开了一条空袭通道。作为特种作战的辅助力量，MH-53J为盟军的各国地面部队执行了大量搜索、救援任务。MH-53J是“沙漠风暴”中第一种成功完成救援被击落飞行员任务的机种。战后MH-53J还参与了救援库尔德人的人道救援行动、巴拿马危机救援行动和前南地区救援行动。
目前MH-53已改进到了M型。为提高MH-53M的自卫能力，2002年中美空军考虑将诺格公司研制的定向红外干扰器(DIRCM)装备MH-53M。DIRCM系统由一个定向干扰头和一个高能光源组成。为提高干扰能力，还可用一个多频段激光器取代干扰头。目前已经装备DIRCM系统的美国空军特种作战飞机有MC-130和AC-130。当前MH-53M仍装备老式的ALQ-157红外干扰系统，为英国BAE系统公司产品。美空军计划购买30套DIRCM系统，并于明年同诺格公司签订为期5年、价值2.2亿美元的合同，提供37套与DIRCM系统配套使用的机载航空电子设备，对现有MH-53M进行改装。
Gunners on MH-53J MH-53J枪手
Transporting in a transporter. MH-53被拆解后装入运输机。
Cut away view of CH-53E CH-53E剖析图
停放在舰上时，MH-53的桨叶可折叠
3view of MH-53J MH-53J三面图
CH-53D General Characteristics
Length:Fuselage: 67.5 feet (20.3 meters) Rotors turning: 88 feet 3 inches (26.5 meters) Height: 24 feet 11 inches (7.2 meters) Weight: 21 tons (max gross) (18.9 metric tons) Main Rotor Diameter: 72 feet 3 inches (21.7 meters) Range: 578 nautical miles (665 statute miles, 1064 km); 886 nautical miles ferry range Ceiling: 12,450 feet Speed: 160 knots (184 miles, 294 km per hour) Load: 37 troops or 24 litter patients plus four attendants or 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) cargo Crew: Two pilots, one aircrewman Armament: None CH-53D基本技术数据 机身长：20.3米 26.5米(旋翼转动) 机高：7.2米 全重：21000千克 主旋翼直径：21.7米 最大航程：1064千米 最大升限：4150米 最大速度：294千米/小时 最大载重：37名士兵，或24名躺卧伤员及4名医护人员，或3600千克货物 机组乘员：正副飞行员各一名，一名空勤人员 HH-53C General Characteristics Rotor Diameter: 72 ft 3 in Fuselage Length: 67 ft 2 in Overall Length: 88 ft 3 in Height: 24 ft 11 in Empty Weight: 23,257 lb Max Takeoff Weight: 37,466 lb Max Speed: 196 mph Ceiling: 20,400 ft Range: 540 miles HH-53C基本技术数据 主旋翼直径：22.2米 机身长：20.7米 30米(旋翼转动) 机身高：7.23米 机身重：10559千克 最大起飞重量：11240千克 最大速度：353千米/小时 最大升限：6120米 航程：972千米 MH-53E General Characteristics Fuselage: 73 feet 4 inches (22.34 meters) Overall: 99 feet (30.18 meters) Height: 28 feet 4 inches (8.63 meters) Weight: 21 tons (max gross) (18.9 metric tons) Main Rotor Diameter: 72 feet 3 inches (21.7 meters) Range: 1,120 nautical miles (1,289 statute miles, 1802 km) Ceiling: 27,900 feet Speed: 150 knots (172 miles per hour, 241 km per hour) Crew: Two pilots, one to six aircrewman, depending on mission Armament: None MH-53E 基本技术数据 机身长：22.34米(机身) 30.18米(旋翼转动) 机高：8.63米 全重：21000千克 主旋翼直径：21.7米 最大航程：1802千米 最大升限：9300米 最大速度：241千米/小时 机组成员：正副飞行员各一名，一至六名空勤人员，视任务而定 MH-53J General Characteristics Length: 92 feet (28 meters) Height: 25 feet (7.6 meters) Rotary Diameter: 72 feet (21.9 meters) Speed: 165 mph (264 kph) Ceiling: 16,000 feet (4,849 meters) Maximum Takeoff Weight: 46,000 pounds (18,900 kilograms), emergency war plan allows for 50,000 pounds Range: 630 statute miles (550 nautical miles); unlimited with air refueling Unit cost: $25 million (1993 dollars) MH-53J基本技术数据 机身长：28米 机身高：7.6米 旋翼直径：21.9米 最大速度：264千米/小时 最大升限：4849米 最大起飞重量：18900千克 22700千克(应急情况) 航程：1134千米 单价：2500万美元(1993年币值) |